农村群体性事件预警指标体系构建研究

研究分析国内外农村群体性事件预警及相关研究的现状,认为农村群体性事件是社会矛盾积累的结果。根据农村群体性事件诱因体系以及预警指标体系构建原则和指导理念,研究构建其初步的预警指标体系。运用专家调查法,通过定量分析和定性分析,完善初步构建的预警指标体系,研究得出农村群体性事件预警指标体系的基本构想。     

农村最低生活保障和扶贫对象的动态管理机制研究

随着当前我国农村最低生活保障制度和扶贫开发政策衔接试点工作的不断深入,我国农村反贫困事业进入了"两轮驱动"的历史阶段。利用好两项制度有效衔接这一历史机遇来杜绝传统扶贫政策"养懒汉"的逆向激励效应是当前扶贫开发面临的问题之一。本文试图建立一个针对贫困对象的动态管理机制,在对其管理上做到有进、有出、有帮扶、有约束,从而最终克服传统扶贫政策的逆向激励效应。     

社会·医学·伦理：灾疫行为的多维透视

灾疫行为是灾疫研究的直接问题对象,它现实地展开为灾疫场境中的社会行为,因而有待灾疫社会学的诠解。生命安全和健康问题是灾疫行为最切近的要素,由此灾疫医学构成了理解灾疫行为的又一维度。对灾疫医学行为的理解,最终须借助灾疫医学伦理研究。国内学界对医学道德原则的界定、尤其是对灾疫医学行为的伦理反思,可能启迪灾疫伦理学的相关研究。     

国外未成年人贫困测度及启示

未成年人贫困内涵的界定存在从一维到多维,从生存到发展,从物质到权利的变化趋势,相比家庭贫困与成年人贫困又有其特殊性,影响更加深远和广泛。对未成年人贫困的测度包括了家庭和未成年人个体两种分析单元,并且基于内涵的多维变化,测度指标也逐渐多元,表达形式则可以分为数量分析法、指数分析法、综合分析法三类。这些方法各有优劣,应该根据研究目标和研究条件的不同进行选择,对于探索我国未成年人贫困问题研究及政策实践具有积极的借鉴意义。     

兰州市扶贫开发绩效评价及其启示

根据系统工程的理论,在对农村扶贫系统分析的基础上,从政策相关性、扶贫效率、扶贫效果租可持续发展能力四个方面人手,共设置4个准则层、11个关键问题层和35项具体指标,建立了针对贫困地区的综合性扶贫绩效评价指标体系,并以兰州市“三县一区”为研究样本进行总体评价与动态评价。研究结论显示：贫困人口的受益程度与该组织对扶贫项目投入之间呈指数关系;政策相关性是决定扶贫绩效的重要因素之一,生存相关类项目扶贫绩效较高,但可持续发展能力不足。     

管理研究者和实践者共同语言的构建

管理研究者与实践者之间存在着沟通鸿沟,这一障碍的存在既不利于管理研究的发展,又不利于管理实践的改善。基于此,从意义构建角度,提出了消除这种鸿沟的方法,即通过"差异辨识-制定规则-选择问题-形成协作"4个阶段的合作,以及构建管理研究的评价体系,减少管理研究和管理实践间的不对称性,促进两者间的有效沟通,从而实现面向实践的管理研究的良性发展。     

Brokerage in the Sacred Sphere: Religious Leaders as Community Problem Solvers in Rural Malawi1

Religious leaders in Sub‐Saharan Africa do not just deal with the spiritual needs of members but are also heavily engaged in dealing with social problems and material needs. Although true elsewhere, the realities of limited state infrastructure and an increasingly diverse religious landscape make it crucial for religious entrepreneurs to deal with material problems if they hope to gain adherents. This article applies the concepts of problem solving and brokerage ( Burt, 2005 ; Knoke, 1990 ) to a case study of religious leaders in Balaka, a small town of rural Malawi. I argue that religious leaders solve problems in three major areas—material infrastructure, activities and organization, and healthcare—and that they are able to do so at least partly because of their connections to various overlapping secular and religious networks. I focus both on the provision of material resources and the facilitation of effervescent experiences in order to advance a fuller understanding of the experience of poverty and the ways leaders in poor communities work to solve problems.     

Reducing child poverty by promoting child well-being: Identifying best practices in a time of great need

Child poverty in the United States persists despite a range of social services designed to reduce poverty rates and improve the economic self-sufficiency of families. The economic downturns resulting in job losses and the housing crisis have converged to create a new group of families who were managing to remain out of poverty prior to the recession but are now slipping into poverty, putting additional strain on services. In light of these pressing issues, this article synthesizes the literature examining child poverty to take a long-range view of the relationship between economic strain, system involvement, and impacts on children and the systems attempting to serve these children. The effectiveness of various policy and program efforts aimed at reducing child poverty rates and/or ameliorating the negative effects of living in poverty is reviewed. The article concludes by suggesting a major shift in focus from reducing child poverty as a singular goal to a comprehensive approach to promoting child and family well-being.     

扶贫移民适应期生计风险、扶持资源承接与政策优化

扶贫移民兼具扶贫和生态保护功能,有效破解区域生态可持续和社会经济发展矛盾的同时也会出现目标的“反功能”现象。基于适应期扶贫移民生计特征归纳,寻求可能遇到的丧失发展资源、失去公共服务、社会关系网络受损、边缘化等生计损失及致贫风险,针对扶贫移民适应期生计发展扶持政策实施过程中存在的“政策对接有落差、政策衔接有缝隙、政策承接有障碍”等资源承接问题,尝试提出提高移民发展可行能力、注重产业发展、整合发展扶持政策与资源、强化移民专业经济组织建设、健全农村要素市场、促进发展要素整合联动等建议,以促进扶贫移民安稳致富奔小康。     

自然地理环境贫困效应实证分析——基于空间贫困理论视角

从空间贫困理论的视角,根据自然地理环境、社会经济发展水平与贫困发生之间的关系,构建面板数据模型,并运用2006-2012年新疆17个边境重点贫困县市的面板数据进行实证分析,探讨自然地理环境的贫困发生效应.回归分析结果表明,自然地理条件对农民收入和农村贫困率有显著影响,政府完善区域经济发展战略和相关政策,可以缓解自然地理环境对贫困效应的影响,农业经济的发展对农村贫困率的减低有显著性影响.